Carmel Agrexco

Carmel Agrexco was Israel’s largest agricultural export company, responsible for handling 60–70% of produce grown in illegal settlements across the Jordan Valley and West Bank. Half-owned by the Israeli state, the company functioned as a pipeline between settlement farms and global markets, shipping dates, grapes, flowers, and vegetables abroad.

Agrexco’s operations were central to the occupation economy. It industrialized settler-colonial agriculture by exploiting stolen land and water resources, while masking origins through labeling schemes that often marked settlement goods as “Made in Israel.” The company set the template for how state-backed agribusiness could monetize dispossession and sustain apartheid infrastructure.